next-i18next VS next-intl VS Intlayer | Next.js Internationalisation (i18n)

Below is a concise comparison of three popular libraries for internationalising (i18n) a Next.js application: next-intl, next-i18next, and Intlayer.

This document highlights key criteria:

1. Architecture (keeping translations close to their components)
2. TypeScript support
3. Management of missing translations
4. Server Components support
5. Enhanced routing & middleware for Next.js
6. Simplicity of setup

The guide also provides an in-depth look at Intlayer, showing why it can be a strong choice—especially for Next.js 13+, including App Router and Server Components.

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Overview of Each Library

1. next-intl

Main Focus: Quick and easy setup with a lightweight approach to localisation.

• Architecture: Encourages co-locating translations in a single folder (e.g., locales/) but also allows multiple strategies. Does not strictly enforce “translation per component” architecture.
• TypeScript Support: Basic TypeScript integration. Some type definitions exist, but they are not heavily centered on auto-generating TypeScript definitions from your translation files.
• Missing Translations: Basic fallback mechanism. By default, falls back to a key or a default locale string. No robust out-of-the-box tooling for advanced missing translations checks.
• Server Components Support: Works with Next.js 13+ in general, but the pattern is less specialised for deep server-side usage (e.g., server components with complex dynamic routing).
• Routing & Middleware: Middleware support is possible but limited. Typically relies on Next.js Middleware for locale detection, or manual configuration for rewriting locale paths.
• Setup Simplicity: Very straightforward. Minimal boilerplate is needed.

Use when: You want a simpler approach or are comfortable managing your translations in more conventional ways (like one folder with locale JSON files).

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2. next-i18next

Main Focus: Time-tested solution using i18next under the hood, widely adopted for Next.js projects.

• Architecture: Often organizes translations in the public/locales folder. Not specifically designed to keep translations “close” to each component, though you can manually adopt a different structure.
• TypeScript Support: Reasonable TypeScript coverage but requires custom configuration for typed translations and typed hooks.
• Missing Translations: i18next offers interpolation/fallbacks. However, missing translation detection typically needs extra setup or third-party plugins.
• Server Components Support: Basic usage with Next.js 13 is documented, but advanced usage (e.g., deep integration with server components, dynamic route generation) can be cumbersome.
• Routing & Middleware: Relies heavily on Next.js Middleware and rewrites for locale subpaths. For more complex setups, you might need to dive into advanced i18next configuration.
• Setup Simplicity: Familiar approach for those used to i18next. However, it can get more boilerplate-heavy when advanced i18n features are needed (namespaces, multiple fallback locales, etc.).

Use when: You’re already committed to the i18next ecosystem or have existing i18next-based translations.

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3. Intlayer

Main Focus: A modern, open-source i18n library specifically tailored for Next.js App Router (12, 13, 14, and 15) with built-in support for Server Components and Turbopack.

Key Advantages

1. Architecture

   • Encourages placing translations right next to their components. Each page or component can have its own .content.ts (or JSON) file—no more rummaging through a giant translation folder.
   • This makes your code more modular and maintainable, especially in large codebases.

2. TypeScript Support

   • Auto-generated type definitions: The moment you define your content, Intlayer generates types that power autocomplete and catch translation errors.
   • Minimises runtime errors like missing keys and offers advanced autocomplete directly in your IDE.

3. Management of Missing Translations

   • During build, Intlayer can detect missing translation keys and throw warnings or errors.
   • This ensures you never accidentally ship with missing text across your languages.

4. Optimised for Server Components

   • Fully compatible with the Next.js App Router and the new Server Components paradigm.
   • Provides specialised providers (IntlayerServerProvider, IntlayerClientProvider) to isolate server context (vital when dealing with Next.js 13+).

5. Enhanced Routing & Middleware

   • Includes a dedicated intlayerMiddleware for automatic locale detection (via cookies or browser headers) and advanced route generation.
   • Dynamically handles localised paths (e.g., /en-GB/about vs. /fr/about) with minimal configuration.
   • Offers helper methods like getMultilingualUrls for generating alternate language links (great for SEO).

6. Simplified Setup

   • A single config file (intlayer.config.ts) to define your locales, default locale, and integration preferences.
   • A wrapper plugin withIntlayer(nextConfig) that injects all environment variables and watchers for your content.
   • No large fallback configurations—the system is built to “just work” with minimal friction.

Bottom line: Intlayer is a modern solution that wants to push best practices: from keeping translations close to each React component, to offering robust TS support and easy server-side usage, while drastically reducing boilerplate.

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Side-by-Side Feature Comparison

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Why Intlayer?

For teams migrating to or building on top of Next.js App Router (versions 13, 14, or 15) with Server Components, Intlayer provides:

1. A Streamlined Architecture

   • Each route or component holds its own translations. This fosters clarity and maintainability.

2. Powerful TypeScript Integration

   • You gain compiler-level safety, avoiding “typo-laden” or missing translation keys.

3. Real Missing Translation Alerts

   • If you forget a key or language translation, you’ll be warned at build time (rather than shipping an incomplete UI).

4. Built-In Advanced Routing

   • Automatic locale detection, dynamic route generation, and easy localised URL management are included.
   • A standard intlayerMiddleware does not require deep custom rewrites.

5. One-Stop Setup

   • Minimal boilerplate: simply define your intlayer.config.ts, wrap next.config with withIntlayer, and add the official middleware.
   • Clear, straightforward usage for both server and client components via IntlayerServerProvider and IntlayerClientProvider.

6. SEO-Friendly

   • Built-in helpers (getMultilingualUrls, hrefLang attributes, etc.) make it easy to produce SEO-compliant pages and sitemaps.

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Example: Intlayer in Action

Below is a very condensed snippet illustrating how to harness Intlayer in a Next.js 15 project. For the full details and code examples, check out the full Intlayer guide.

Step-by-step example

1. Install & Configure

   bash

   npm install intlayer next-intlayer

   ts

   // intlayer.config.tsimport { Locales, type IntlayerConfig } from "intlayer";const config: IntlayerConfig = {  internationalization: {    locales: [Locales.ENGLISH, Locales.FRENCH, Locales.SPANISH],    defaultLocale: Locales.ENGLISH,  },};export default config;

2. Use the Plugin

   ts

   // next.config.mjsimport { withIntlayer } from "next-intlayer/server";/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */const nextConfig = {};export default withIntlayer(nextConfig);

3. Add Middleware

   ts

   // src/middleware.tsexport { intlayerMiddleware as middleware } from "next-intlayer/middleware";export const config = {  matcher:    "/((?!api|static|assets|robots|sitemap|sw|service-worker|manifest|.*\\..*|_next).*)",};

4. Create a Localised Layout

   tsx

   // src/app/[locale]/layout.tsximport { getHTMLTextDir } from "intlayer";import { NextLayoutIntlayer } from "next-intlayer";const LocaleLayout: NextLayoutIntlayer = async ({ children, params }) => {  const { locale } = params;  return (    <html lang={locale} dir={getHTMLTextDir(locale)}>      <body>{children}</body>    </html>  );};export { generateStaticParams } from "next-intlayer";export default LocaleLayout;

5. Declare & Use Content

   tsx

   // src/app/[locale]/page.content.tsimport { t } from "intlayer";export default {  key: "page",  content: {    getStarted: {      main: t({        en: "Get started by editing",        fr: "Commencez par éditer",        es: "Comience por editar",      }),      pageLink: "src/app/page.tsx",    },  },};

   tsx

   // src/app/[locale]/page.tsximport { IntlayerServerProvider } from "next-intlayer/server";import { IntlayerClientProvider, useIntlayer } from "next-intlayer";const PageContent = () => {  const { content } = useIntlayer("page");  return (    <>      <p>{content.getStarted.main}</p>      <code>{content.getStarted.pageLink}</code>    </>  );};export default function Page({ params }) {  return (    <IntlayerServerProvider locale={params.locale}>      <IntlayerClientProvider locale={params.locale}>        <PageContent />      </IntlayerClientProvider>    </IntlayerServerProvider>  );}

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Conclusion

Each solution—next-intl, next-i18next, and Intlayer—has proven effective for multilingual Next.js projects. However, Intlayer goes further by:

• Strongly encouraging a component-level translation architecture
• Integrating seamlessly with Next.js 13+ and Server Components
• Offering powerful TypeScript auto-generation for safer code
• Handling missing translations at build time
• Providing a simplified, single configuration approach with advanced routing & middleware

If you want modern i18n features tailored to Next.js App Router and are looking for a fully typed experience without manually rigging fallback logic, route rewrites, or complex build steps, Intlayer is a compelling choice. It not only shortens your setup time but also ensures a more maintainable, scalable approach to translations for your team.